Alcohol

What Is It and Where Did It Come From?

Alcohol is a legal depressant made through the fermentation of grains, fruits, or vegetables. It’s one of the oldest psychoactive substances, used historically for ritual, medicinal, and recreational purposes across cultures.

What Does It Look Like and How Is It Used?

Alcohol is found in beverages like beer, wine, and spirits (e.g., vodka, rum). It is consumed orally. While legal for adults, underage drinking and binge drinking are widespread problems.

Effects on the Body

Alcohol affects the central nervous system, leading to slowed reflexes, impaired coordination, mood swings, and poor decision-making. It also dehydrates the body and disrupts sleep cycles.

Overdose Risks

Alcohol poisoning occurs when the bloodstream contains too much alcohol. Symptoms include vomiting, unconsciousness, slowed breathing, seizures, and potential death. Mixing alcohol with other drugs, especially opioids or benzodiazepines, significantly increases overdose risk.

Long-Term Risks

• Liver disease (cirrhosis)

• Brain damage and memory loss

• Heart problems

• Depression and anxiety

• Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

• Increased risk of cancer

• Legal, academic, or professional consequences