Cocaine

The Origins of Cocaine

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant, native to South America. Indigenous peoples have chewed coca leaves for centuries for their energizing effects. In the late 1800s, Western scientists isolated cocaine hydrochloride, promoting it as a medical remedy for fatigue, depression, and even toothaches.

Cocaine was widely used in tonics, elixirs, and even the original formula of Coca-Cola. It wasn’t until the early 20th century that its addictive properties and health dangers became widely recognized, leading to tighter regulation and eventual criminalization.

A VICIOUS CYCLE

Cocaine was once believed to be a safe and effective stimulant. But as its popularity grew—especially among professionals, artists, and soldiers—so did reports of psychosis, violent behavior, and dependence.

Even as regulations tightened, recreational use surged, particularly in nightlife and elite social circles. By the 1970s and 1980s, cocaine became glamorized, only to be followed by waves of addiction, overdose, and the emergence of crack cocaine as a cheaper, smokable variant.

Cocaine addiction continues to be a global public health issue, affecting users of all backgrounds.

What Does Cocaine Look Like?

In its most common form, cocaine is a fine white crystalline powder. It may also appear as off-white or slightly grainy depending on purity and additives. Cocaine is often “cut” with substances like baking soda, talcum powder, or local anesthetics to increase profit—greatly increasing the risk to users.

Cocaine is usually snorted, rubbed on the gums, or injected. In its processed, smokable form, it becomes crack cocaine.

Even a small amount can be dangerous, especially when combined with alcohol or other substances.

The Destructive Effects of Cocaine

IMMEDIATE HARM

The initial effect is a fast, euphoric “rush” followed by intense stimulation, alertness, and confidence. But these effects fade quickly, often leaving the user feeling anxious, irritable, and craving more.

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS

• Elevated heart rate and blood pressure

• Extreme alertness and restlessness

• Loss of appetite

• Increased body temperature

• Dilated pupils

• Nausea

• Muscle twitching

• Violent or erratic behavior

• Anxiety, paranoia

• Risk of heart attack, stroke, or seizure

  
  

LONG-TERM EFFECTS

With continued use, cocaine severely damages the heart, brain, and emotional well-being:

• Permanent damage to blood vessels

• Heart rhythm abnormalities

• Respiratory issues

• Nosebleeds and damage to nasal passages (from snorting)

• Hallucinations or “cocaine psychosis”

• Severe depression or suicidal thoughts

• Sleep disorders

• Sexual dysfunction

• Increased risk of stroke and seizure

• Risk of overdose, especially when mixed with other drugs (like fentanyl)

  
  

Behavioral Changes

• Hyperactivity and talkativeness

• Risky behaviors or poor decision-making

• Paranoia or hallucinations

• Aggressive or unpredictable behavior

• Sudden bursts of confidence or euphoria

• Secretive habits or frequent disappearances

  
  

Physical Changes

• Dilated pupils

• Frequent sniffling, nosebleeds

• Weight loss

• Increased sweating

• Jaw clenching or twitching

• Restlessness or insomnia

• Burn marks (if smoked or injected)

  
  

Social Changes

• Withdrawal from family or friends

• Sudden change in peer group

• Job or academic decline

• Legal problems or financial issues

• Ignoring responsibilities or obligations

• Continued use despite harm to health or relationships